:root {
    --saffron: #C44F00;
    --saffron-light: #F97316;
    --saffron-pale: #FEF3E8;
    --saffron-bg: #E8600A;
    --gold: #D4A017;
    --gold-light: #F0C840;
    --navy: #1A2B4A;
    --navy-light: #2D4066;
    --green: #1A6B3A;
    --green-light: #228B4A;
    --cream: #FDF8F0;
    --warm-white: #FFFBF5;
    --text: #1C1C1C;
    --text-muted: #6B6B6B;
    --border: #E8DDD0;
    --card-bg: #FFFFFF;
    --radius: 14px;
    --radius-lg: 22px;
    --shadow-sm: 0 1px 3px rgba(26,43,74,0.04), 0 1px 2px rgba(26,43,74,0.06);
    --shadow: 0 4px 20px rgba(26,43,74,0.07), 0 1px 3px rgba(26,43,74,0.04);
    --shadow-hover: 0 12px 40px rgba(26,43,74,0.12), 0 4px 12px rgba(26,43,74,0.06);
    --shadow-xl: 0 20px 60px rgba(26,43,74,0.14), 0 8px 20px rgba(26,43,74,0.08);
    --transition: 0.25s cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1);
  }

  * { margin: 0; padding: 0; box-sizing: border-box; }

  .skip-link {
    position: absolute;
    top: -100%;
    left: 16px;
    background: var(--navy);
    color: white;
    padding: 8px 16px;
    border-radius: 0 0 8px 8px;
    z-index: 1000;
    font-size: 14px;
    text-decoration: none;
  }
  .skip-link:focus { top: 0; }

  .sr-only {
    position: absolute;
    width: 1px;
    height: 1px;
    padding: 0;
    margin: -1px;
    overflow: hidden;
    clip: rect(0,0,0,0);
    white-space: nowrap;
    border: 0;
  }

  body {
    font-family: 'DM Sans', sans-serif;
    background: var(--cream);
    color: var(--text);
    min-height: 100vh;
    -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
    -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;
  }

  .gurmukhi {
    font-family: 'Noto Sans Gurmukhi', sans-serif;
    line-height: 1.4;
  }

  /* ── VIEW TRANSITIONS ── */
  @view-transition {
    navigation: auto;
  }

  ::view-transition-old(root) {
    animation: fade-out 0.15s ease-in forwards;
  }

  ::view-transition-new(root) {
    animation: fade-in 0.2s ease-out forwards;
  }

  @keyframes fade-out {
    from { opacity: 1; }
    to { opacity: 0; }
  }

  @keyframes fade-in {
    from { opacity: 0; transform: translateY(6px); }
    to { opacity: 1; transform: translateY(0); }
  }

  /* ── ENTRANCE ANIMATIONS ── */
  @keyframes rise-in {
    from { opacity: 0; transform: translateY(18px); }
    to { opacity: 1; transform: translateY(0); }
  }

  main > .section {
    animation: rise-in 0.4s ease-out both;
  }

  /* ── HEADER ── */
  header {
    background: rgba(26, 43, 74, 0.92);
    backdrop-filter: blur(20px) saturate(1.4);
    -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(20px) saturate(1.4);
    padding: 0 24px;
    position: sticky;
    top: 0;
    z-index: 100;
    box-shadow: 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,0.06), 0 4px 24px rgba(0,0,0,0.18);
    border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.06);
  }

  .header-inner {
    max-width: 1100px;
    margin: 0 auto;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: space-between;
    height: 64px;
  }

  .logo {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    cursor: pointer;
    text-decoration: none;
    transition: opacity var(--transition);
  }

  .logo:hover { opacity: 0.85; }

  .logo-en {
    font-family: 'Lora', serif;
    font-size: 18px;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--gold-light);
    letter-spacing: 0.02em;
  }

  .logo-pa {
    font-family: 'Noto Sans Gurmukhi', sans-serif;
    font-size: 13px;
    color: rgba(255,255,255,0.45);
    margin-top: -2px;
  }

  nav {
    display: flex;
    gap: 2px;
    overflow-x: auto;
    -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch;
  }

  nav a {
    background: none;
    border: none;
    color: rgba(255,255,255,0.6);
    font-family: 'DM Sans', sans-serif;
    font-size: 13px;
    font-weight: 500;
    padding: 8px 14px;
    border-radius: 8px;
    cursor: pointer;
    white-space: nowrap;
    transition: all var(--transition);
    text-decoration: none;
    position: relative;
  }

  nav a:hover { background: rgba(255,255,255,0.08); color: rgba(255,255,255,0.95); }
  nav a.active {
    background: var(--saffron);
    color: white;
    box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(196,79,0,0.3);
  }

  /* ── MAIN ── */
  main {
    max-width: 1100px;
    margin: 0 auto;
    padding: 40px 24px 80px;
  }

  .section { display: block; }

  /* ── HOME ── */
  .hero {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0F1B33 0%, var(--navy) 40%, var(--navy-light) 70%, #3A5A8A 100%);
    border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
    padding: 60px 52px;
    color: white;
    position: relative;
    overflow: hidden;
    margin-bottom: 32px;
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-xl);
  }

  .hero::before {
    content: 'ਪੰਜਾਬ';
    font-family: 'Noto Sans Gurmukhi', sans-serif;
    font-size: 160px;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: rgba(255,255,255,0.03);
    position: absolute;
    right: -20px;
    top: -30px;
    line-height: 1;
    pointer-events: none;
  }

  .hero::after {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    top: -50%;
    right: -20%;
    width: 500px;
    height: 500px;
    background: radial-gradient(circle, rgba(240,200,64,0.08) 0%, transparent 70%);
    pointer-events: none;
  }

  .hero h1 {
    font-family: 'Lora', serif;
    font-size: 44px;
    font-weight: 700;
    line-height: 1.2;
    margin-bottom: 14px;
    letter-spacing: -0.01em;
  }

  .hero h1 span { color: var(--gold-light); }

  .hero p {
    font-size: 17px;
    color: rgba(255,255,255,0.7);
    max-width: 520px;
    line-height: 1.75;
    margin-bottom: 32px;
  }

  .hero-pa {
    font-family: 'Noto Sans Gurmukhi', sans-serif;
    font-size: 26px;
    color: var(--gold-light);
    margin-bottom: 8px;
    opacity: 0.9;
  }

  .start-btns { display: flex; gap: 12px; flex-wrap: wrap; }

  .btn-primary {
    background: var(--saffron);
    color: white;
    border: none;
    padding: 13px 28px;
    border-radius: 10px;
    font-family: 'DM Sans', sans-serif;
    font-size: 15px;
    font-weight: 600;
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: all var(--transition);
    text-decoration: none;
    display: inline-block;
    box-shadow: 0 2px 10px rgba(196,79,0,0.25);
  }

  .btn-primary:hover {
    background: var(--saffron-light);
    transform: translateY(-2px);
    box-shadow: 0 6px 20px rgba(249,115,22,0.3);
  }

  .btn-outline {
    background: rgba(255,255,255,0.08);
    color: white;
    border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.2);
    padding: 13px 28px;
    border-radius: 10px;
    font-family: 'DM Sans', sans-serif;
    font-size: 15px;
    font-weight: 500;
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: all var(--transition);
    text-decoration: none;
    display: inline-block;
    backdrop-filter: blur(8px);
  }

  .btn-outline:hover {
    background: rgba(255,255,255,0.15);
    border-color: rgba(255,255,255,0.35);
    transform: translateY(-1px);
  }

  /* Word of the Day */
  .wotd {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--gold) 0%, var(--saffron) 100%);
    border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
    padding: 32px 36px;
    color: white;
    margin-bottom: 32px;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: space-between;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 20px;
    box-shadow: 0 8px 32px rgba(196,79,0,0.15);
    position: relative;
    overflow: hidden;
  }

  .wotd::after {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    top: -40%;
    right: -10%;
    width: 300px;
    height: 300px;
    background: radial-gradient(circle, rgba(255,255,255,0.1) 0%, transparent 70%);
    pointer-events: none;
  }

  .wotd-label {
    font-size: 11px;
    font-weight: 600;
    letter-spacing: 0.12em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    opacity: 0.85;
    margin-bottom: 8px;
  }

  .wotd-word {
    font-family: 'Noto Sans Gurmukhi', sans-serif;
    font-size: 44px;
    font-weight: 700;
    line-height: 1.1;
    margin-bottom: 4px;
  }

  .wotd-roman { font-size: 20px; opacity: 0.85; font-style: italic; margin-bottom: 4px; }
  .wotd-english { font-size: 15px; opacity: 0.75; }

  .wotd-example {
    background: rgba(255,255,255,0.12);
    backdrop-filter: blur(8px);
    border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.12);
    border-radius: 12px;
    padding: 18px 22px;
    max-width: 360px;
  }

  .wotd-example-label { font-size: 11px; opacity: 0.7; letter-spacing: 0.08em; margin-bottom: 8px; text-transform: uppercase; }
  .wotd-example-pa { font-family: 'Noto Sans Gurmukhi', sans-serif; font-size: 18px; margin-bottom: 4px; }
  .wotd-example-en { font-size: 13px; opacity: 0.8; font-style: italic; }

  /* Quick nav cards */
  .quick-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(200px, 1fr));
    gap: 16px;
    margin-bottom: 32px;
  }

  .quick-card {
    background: var(--card-bg);
    border: 1px solid var(--border);
    border-radius: var(--radius);
    padding: 28px 20px;
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: all var(--transition);
    text-align: center;
    text-decoration: none;
    color: inherit;
    display: block;
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
    position: relative;
    overflow: hidden;
  }

  .quick-card::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    right: 0;
    height: 3px;
    background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--saffron), var(--gold));
    transform: scaleX(0);
    transition: transform var(--transition);
    transform-origin: left;
  }

  .quick-card:hover {
    transform: translateY(-4px);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-hover);
    border-color: transparent;
  }

  .quick-card:hover::before {
    transform: scaleX(1);
  }

  .quick-card-icon { font-size: 32px; margin-bottom: 12px; }
  .quick-card-title { font-size: 15px; font-weight: 600; color: var(--navy); margin-bottom: 5px; }
  .quick-card-sub { font-size: 12px; color: var(--text-muted); line-height: 1.4; }

  /* ── SECTION HEADERS ── */
  .section-header {
    margin-bottom: 32px;
  }

  .section-header h2 {
    font-family: 'Lora', serif;
    font-size: 30px;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--navy);
    margin-bottom: 8px;
    letter-spacing: -0.01em;
  }

  .section-header h2 span {
    font-family: 'Noto Sans Gurmukhi', sans-serif;
    color: var(--saffron);
    font-size: 22px;
    margin-left: 10px;
  }

  .section-header p { color: var(--text-muted); font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.7; }

  /* ── ALPHABET ── */
  .alpha-intro {
    background: var(--warm-white);
    border: 1px solid var(--border);
    border-radius: var(--radius);
    padding: 22px 26px;
    margin-bottom: 28px;
    font-size: 14px;
    line-height: 1.75;
    color: var(--text-muted);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
  }

  .alpha-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(130px, 1fr));
    gap: 12px;
    margin-bottom: 32px;
  }

  .alpha-card {
    background: var(--card-bg);
    border: 1.5px solid var(--border);
    border-radius: var(--radius);
    padding: 22px 12px 18px;
    text-align: center;
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: all var(--transition);
    position: relative;
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
  }

  .alpha-card:hover {
    border-color: var(--saffron);
    transform: translateY(-3px);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-hover);
  }

  .alpha-letter {
    font-family: 'Noto Sans Gurmukhi', sans-serif;
    font-size: 40px;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--navy);
    line-height: 1.2;
    margin-bottom: 6px;
  }

  .alpha-roman { font-size: 15px; font-weight: 600; color: var(--saffron); margin-bottom: 3px; }
  .alpha-english { font-size: 12px; color: var(--text-muted); }
  .alpha-num {
    position: absolute;
    top: 8px;
    left: 10px;
    font-size: 10px;
    color: var(--border);
    font-weight: 600;
  }

  /* Matras */
  .subsection-title {
    font-family: 'Lora', serif;
    font-size: 20px;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--navy);
    margin: 36px 0 18px;
    padding-bottom: 10px;
    border-bottom: 2px solid var(--border);
  }

  .matra-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(160px, 1fr));
    gap: 10px;
  }

  .matra-card {
    background: var(--warm-white);
    border: 1px solid var(--border);
    border-radius: 12px;
    padding: 14px 16px;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 14px;
    transition: all var(--transition);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
  }

  .matra-card:hover {
    box-shadow: var(--shadow);
    border-color: rgba(196,79,0,0.2);
  }

  .matra-symbol {
    font-family: 'Noto Sans Gurmukhi', sans-serif;
    font-size: 28px;
    color: var(--navy);
    min-width: 36px;
    text-align: center;
  }

  .matra-info { flex: 1; }
  .matra-name { font-size: 12px; font-weight: 600; color: var(--saffron); }
  .matra-sound { font-size: 13px; color: var(--text-muted); }

  .speak-btn {
    background: var(--warm-white);
    border: 1px solid var(--border);
    border-radius: 50%;
    width: 32px;
    height: 32px;
    cursor: pointer;
    font-size: 15px;
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    transition: all var(--transition);
    flex-shrink: 0;
    padding: 0;
  }
  .speak-btn:hover {
    background: var(--saffron-pale);
    border-color: var(--saffron);
    transform: scale(1.1);
  }

  .special-mark-card { flex-direction: column; align-items: flex-start; gap: 8px; }
  .special-usage { font-size: 12px; color: var(--text-muted); line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 4px; }
  .special-example { font-size: 13px; color: var(--navy); font-weight: 500; margin-top: 2px; font-family: 'Noto Sans Gurmukhi', 'DM Sans', sans-serif; }

  /* ── VOCABULARY ── */
  .cat-tabs {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 8px;
    margin-bottom: 24px;
  }

  .cat-tab {
    background: var(--warm-white);
    border: 1.5px solid var(--border);
    border-radius: 30px;
    padding: 8px 20px;
    font-size: 13px;
    font-weight: 500;
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: all var(--transition);
    color: var(--text);
  }

  .cat-tab:hover { border-color: var(--saffron); color: var(--saffron); }
  .cat-tab.active {
    background: var(--saffron);
    border-color: var(--saffron);
    color: white;
    font-weight: 600;
    box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(196,79,0,0.2);
  }

  .vocab-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(220px, 1fr));
    gap: 14px;
  }

  .vocab-card {
    background: var(--card-bg);
    border: 1.5px solid var(--border);
    border-radius: var(--radius);
    padding: 22px 20px;
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: all var(--transition);
    position: relative;
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
  }

  .vocab-card:hover {
    border-color: var(--saffron);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-hover);
    transform: translateY(-2px);
  }

  .vocab-pa {
    font-family: 'Noto Sans Gurmukhi', sans-serif;
    font-size: 28px;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--navy);
    margin-bottom: 5px;
    line-height: 1.3;
  }

  .vocab-roman { font-size: 14px; color: var(--saffron); font-weight: 500; margin-bottom: 5px; }
  .vocab-en { font-size: 15px; color: var(--text); font-weight: 500; }
  .vocab-gender {
    position: absolute;
    top: 12px;
    right: 12px;
    font-size: 10px;
    font-weight: 700;
    letter-spacing: 0.06em;
    padding: 3px 8px;
    border-radius: 6px;
  }

  .vocab-gender.m { background: #E8F0FF; color: #2D4066; }
  .vocab-gender.f { background: #FFE8F0; color: #8B1A4A; }

  /* ── PHRASES ── */
  .phrase-list { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 10px; }

  .phrase-card {
    background: var(--card-bg);
    border: 1.5px solid var(--border);
    border-radius: var(--radius);
    padding: 20px 24px;
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr 1fr;
    gap: 16px;
    align-items: center;
    transition: all var(--transition);
    cursor: pointer;
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
  }

  .phrase-card:hover {
    border-color: var(--saffron);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow);
    transform: translateX(4px);
  }

  .phrase-en { font-size: 15px; font-weight: 500; color: var(--text); }

  .phrase-pa {
    font-family: 'Noto Sans Gurmukhi', sans-serif;
    font-size: 20px;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--navy);
    text-align: center;
  }

  .phrase-roman { font-size: 13px; color: var(--saffron); font-style: italic; text-align: right; }

  .phrase-note {
    font-size: 11px;
    color: var(--text-muted);
    margin-top: 4px;
    font-style: italic;
    grid-column: 1 / -1;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--border);
    padding-top: 8px;
  }

  /* ── FAMILY ── */
  .family-intro {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #FEF3E8, #FFF8F0);
    border: 1px solid var(--border);
    border-radius: var(--radius);
    padding: 22px 26px;
    margin-bottom: 28px;
    font-size: 14px;
    line-height: 1.8;
    color: var(--text-muted);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
  }

  .family-side {
    margin-bottom: 36px;
  }

  .family-side-title {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 12px;
    margin-bottom: 16px;
    padding: 16px 22px;
    border-radius: 12px;
    font-size: 16px;
    font-weight: 700;
    letter-spacing: 0.03em;
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
  }

  .family-side-title.paternal { background: #E8F0FF; color: var(--navy); }
  .family-side-title.maternal { background: #E8F8EE; color: var(--green); }
  .family-side-title.direct { background: #FEF3E8; color: var(--saffron); }
  .family-side-title.inlaw { background: #F5E8FF; color: #6B2DA0; }

  .family-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(240px, 1fr));
    gap: 10px;
  }

  .family-card {
    background: var(--card-bg);
    border: 1.5px solid var(--border);
    border-radius: 12px;
    padding: 18px 20px;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 14px;
    transition: all var(--transition);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
  }

  .family-card:hover {
    border-color: var(--saffron);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow);
    transform: translateY(-2px);
  }

  .family-icon { font-size: 28px; }

  .family-term {
    font-family: 'Noto Sans Gurmukhi', sans-serif;
    font-size: 22px;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--navy);
  }

  .family-roman { font-size: 13px; font-weight: 600; color: var(--saffron); }
  .family-desc { font-size: 13px; color: var(--text-muted); margin-top: 2px; line-height: 1.4; }

  /* ── CULTURE ── */
  .culture-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(320px, 1fr));
    gap: 20px;
  }

  .culture-card {
    background: var(--card-bg);
    border: 1px solid var(--border);
    border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
    overflow: hidden;
    transition: all var(--transition);
    cursor: pointer;
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
    position: relative;
  }

  .culture-card::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    right: 0;
    height: 3px;
    background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--saffron), var(--gold));
    opacity: 0;
    transition: opacity var(--transition);
  }

  .culture-card:hover {
    transform: translateY(-5px);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-xl);
    border-color: transparent;
  }

  .culture-card:hover::before { opacity: 1; }

  .culture-card-header {
    padding: 28px 28px 16px;
    position: relative;
  }

  .culture-card-emoji { font-size: 36px; margin-bottom: 10px; display: block; }

  .culture-card-title {
    font-family: 'Lora', serif;
    font-size: 20px;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--navy);
    margin-bottom: 4px;
  }

  .culture-card-pa {
    font-family: 'Noto Sans Gurmukhi', sans-serif;
    font-size: 15px;
    color: var(--saffron);
    margin-bottom: 12px;
  }

  .culture-card-body {
    padding: 0 28px 28px;
    font-size: 14px;
    line-height: 1.75;
    color: var(--text-muted);
  }

  .culture-tag {
    display: inline-block;
    font-size: 10px;
    font-weight: 700;
    letter-spacing: 0.1em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    padding: 4px 10px;
    border-radius: 6px;
    margin-bottom: 14px;
  }

  .culture-tag.festival { background: #FEF3E8; color: var(--saffron); }
  .culture-tag.food { background: #E8F8EE; color: var(--green); }
  .culture-tag.music { background: #E8F0FF; color: var(--navy); }
  .culture-tag.history { background: #F5E8FF; color: #6B2DA0; }
  .culture-tag.religion { background: #FFF0E0; color: #A05000; }
  .culture-tag.language { background: #E0F5FF; color: #0066A0; }
  .culture-tag.tradition { background: #FFF0E8; color: #8B4513; }

  .culture-card-footer {
    padding: 0 28px 24px;
  }

  .culture-read-more {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 6px;
    font-size: 13px;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--saffron);
    text-decoration: none;
    transition: all var(--transition);
  }
  .culture-read-more:hover {
    color: var(--saffron-light);
    gap: 10px;
  }

  /* ── CULTURE DETAIL PAGES ── */
  .culture-detail-hero {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0F1B33 0%, var(--navy) 40%, var(--navy-light) 70%, #3A5A8A 100%);
    border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
    padding: 52px 52px 44px;
    color: white;
    position: relative;
    overflow: hidden;
    margin-bottom: 40px;
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-xl);
  }

  .culture-detail-hero::before {
    font-family: 'Noto Sans Gurmukhi', sans-serif;
    font-size: 160px;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: rgba(255,255,255,0.03);
    position: absolute;
    right: -10px;
    top: -30px;
    line-height: 1;
    pointer-events: none;
  }

  .culture-detail-hero::after {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    top: -40%;
    right: -15%;
    width: 400px;
    height: 400px;
    background: radial-gradient(circle, rgba(240,200,64,0.06) 0%, transparent 70%);
    pointer-events: none;
  }

  .culture-detail-emoji { font-size: 48px; margin-bottom: 14px; display: block; }

  .culture-detail-tag {
    display: inline-block;
    font-size: 11px;
    font-weight: 700;
    letter-spacing: 0.12em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    padding: 5px 14px;
    border-radius: 6px;
    background: rgba(255,255,255,0.1);
    backdrop-filter: blur(8px);
    border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.1);
    color: rgba(255,255,255,0.9);
    margin-bottom: 18px;
  }

  .culture-detail-hero h1 {
    font-family: 'Lora', serif;
    font-size: 38px;
    font-weight: 700;
    line-height: 1.2;
    margin-bottom: 6px;
    letter-spacing: -0.01em;
  }

  .culture-detail-hero .pa-title {
    font-family: 'Noto Sans Gurmukhi', sans-serif;
    font-size: 22px;
    color: var(--gold-light);
    margin-bottom: 14px;
  }

  .culture-detail-hero .subtitle {
    font-size: 16px;
    color: rgba(255,255,255,0.65);
    max-width: 600px;
    line-height: 1.75;
  }

  .culture-detail-content {
    max-width: 780px;
  }

  .culture-detail-content h2 {
    font-family: 'Lora', serif;
    font-size: 22px;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--navy);
    margin: 40px 0 16px;
    padding-bottom: 10px;
    border-bottom: 2px solid var(--border);
  }

  .culture-detail-content h2:first-child { margin-top: 0; }

  .culture-detail-content p {
    font-size: 15px;
    line-height: 1.9;
    color: var(--text);
    margin-bottom: 18px;
  }

  .culture-detail-content ul {
    margin: 0 0 18px 20px;
    font-size: 15px;
    line-height: 1.9;
    color: var(--text);
  }

  .culture-detail-content li { margin-bottom: 10px; }

  .culture-detail-content .highlight-box {
    background: var(--saffron-pale);
    border-left: 4px solid var(--saffron);
    border-radius: 0 var(--radius) var(--radius) 0;
    padding: 22px 26px;
    margin: 28px 0;
    font-size: 14px;
    line-height: 1.85;
    color: var(--text);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
  }

  .culture-detail-content .highlight-box strong {
    color: var(--saffron);
  }

  .culture-detail-content .info-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(200px, 1fr));
    gap: 14px;
    margin: 24px 0;
  }

  .culture-detail-content .info-card {
    background: var(--warm-white);
    border: 1px solid var(--border);
    border-radius: var(--radius);
    padding: 20px 22px;
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
    transition: all var(--transition);
  }

  .culture-detail-content .info-card:hover {
    box-shadow: var(--shadow);
    transform: translateY(-2px);
  }

  .culture-detail-content .info-card-label {
    font-size: 11px;
    font-weight: 700;
    letter-spacing: 0.1em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--saffron);
    margin-bottom: 6px;
  }

  .culture-detail-content .info-card-value {
    font-size: 15px;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--navy);
  }

  .culture-detail-content .info-card-value .gurmukhi {
    font-size: 18px;
  }

  .culture-back {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 6px;
    font-size: 13px;
    font-weight: 500;
    color: var(--text-muted);
    text-decoration: none;
    margin-bottom: 24px;
    transition: all var(--transition);
    padding: 6px 14px;
    border-radius: 8px;
    background: var(--warm-white);
    border: 1px solid var(--border);
  }
  .culture-back:hover {
    color: var(--saffron);
    border-color: var(--saffron);
    background: var(--saffron-pale);
  }

  .culture-detail-content .related-links {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 10px;
    margin: 24px 0;
  }

  .culture-detail-content .related-link {
    background: var(--warm-white);
    border: 1.5px solid var(--border);
    border-radius: 30px;
    padding: 9px 20px;
    font-size: 13px;
    font-weight: 500;
    color: var(--navy);
    text-decoration: none;
    transition: all var(--transition);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
  }
  .culture-detail-content .related-link:hover {
    border-color: var(--saffron);
    color: var(--saffron);
    transform: translateY(-2px);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow);
  }

  @media (max-width: 768px) {
    .culture-detail-hero { padding: 36px 26px 30px; }
    .culture-detail-hero h1 { font-size: 26px; }
    .culture-detail-content .info-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; }
  }

  @media (max-width: 480px) {
    .culture-detail-hero::before { display: none; }
    .culture-detail-content .info-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  }

  /* ── QUIZ ── */
  .quiz-options { display: flex; gap: 12px; flex-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 28px; }

  .quiz-option-btn {
    background: var(--warm-white);
    border: 1.5px solid var(--border);
    border-radius: 30px;
    padding: 8px 20px;
    font-size: 13px;
    font-weight: 500;
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: all var(--transition);
  }

  .quiz-option-btn:hover, .quiz-option-btn.active {
    background: var(--navy);
    border-color: var(--navy);
    color: white;
    box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(26,43,74,0.2);
  }

  .quiz-card-wrap {
    max-width: 540px;
    margin: 0 auto;
  }

  .quiz-card {
    background: var(--card-bg);
    border: 2px solid var(--border);
    border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
    padding: 52px 44px;
    text-align: center;
    min-height: 280px;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    margin-bottom: 20px;
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: all 0.35s cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1);
    position: relative;
    box-shadow: var(--shadow);
  }

  .quiz-card.flipped {
    background: var(--saffron-pale);
    border-color: var(--saffron);
    box-shadow: 0 8px 32px rgba(196,79,0,0.12);
  }

  .quiz-card-front .q-word {
    font-family: 'Noto Sans Gurmukhi', sans-serif;
    font-size: 56px;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--navy);
    margin-bottom: 8px;
  }

  .quiz-card-front .q-roman { font-size: 18px; color: var(--saffron); font-style: italic; }
  .quiz-card-back .q-answer { font-size: 32px; font-weight: 700; color: var(--navy); }
  .quiz-card-back .q-example { font-size: 14px; color: var(--text-muted); margin-top: 8px; font-style: italic; }

  .quiz-hint { font-size: 12px; color: var(--text-muted); margin-bottom: 20px; text-align: center; }

  .quiz-controls { display: flex; gap: 12px; justify-content: center; }

  .quiz-btn {
    padding: 13px 30px;
    border-radius: 10px;
    border: none;
    font-family: 'DM Sans', sans-serif;
    font-size: 14px;
    font-weight: 600;
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: all var(--transition);
  }

  .quiz-btn.correct { background: var(--green); color: white; box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(26,107,58,0.25); }
  .quiz-btn.incorrect { background: #C0392B; color: white; box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(192,57,43,0.25); }
  .quiz-btn.skip { background: var(--warm-white); border: 1.5px solid var(--border); color: var(--text-muted); }
  .quiz-btn:hover { transform: translateY(-2px); }
  .quiz-btn.correct:hover { box-shadow: 0 6px 16px rgba(26,107,58,0.3); }
  .quiz-btn.incorrect:hover { box-shadow: 0 6px 16px rgba(192,57,43,0.3); }

  .quiz-progress {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 12px;
    margin-bottom: 20px;
    font-size: 13px;
    color: var(--text-muted);
  }

  .progress-bar {
    flex: 1;
    height: 6px;
    background: var(--border);
    border-radius: 3px;
    overflow: hidden;
  }

  .progress-fill {
    height: 100%;
    background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--saffron), var(--gold));
    border-radius: 3px;
    transition: width 0.4s cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1);
  }

  .quiz-stats { display: flex; gap: 20px; font-size: 13px; }
  .stat-correct { color: var(--green); font-weight: 600; }
  .stat-incorrect { color: #C0392B; font-weight: 600; }

  .quiz-stats-bar {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 20px;
    padding: 14px 22px;
    background: var(--warm-white);
    border: 1px solid var(--border);
    border-radius: 12px;
    margin-bottom: 20px;
    font-size: 14px;
    color: var(--text-muted);
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
  }
  .quiz-stats-bar strong { color: var(--navy); }
  .quiz-reset-btn {
    margin-left: auto;
    background: none;
    border: 1px solid var(--border);
    padding: 5px 16px;
    border-radius: 8px;
    font-size: 12px;
    cursor: pointer;
    color: var(--text-muted);
    transition: all var(--transition);
  }
  .quiz-reset-btn:hover { background: var(--saffron-pale); border-color: var(--saffron); color: var(--saffron); }

  .quiz-type-tabs {
    display: flex;
    gap: 8px;
    margin-bottom: 16px;
  }
  .quiz-type-tab {
    padding: 9px 22px;
    border-radius: 10px;
    border: 1.5px solid var(--border);
    background: white;
    font-family: 'DM Sans', sans-serif;
    font-size: 14px;
    font-weight: 500;
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: all var(--transition);
    color: var(--text-muted);
  }
  .quiz-type-tab.active {
    background: var(--navy);
    color: white;
    border-color: var(--navy);
    box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(26,43,74,0.2);
  }

  .quiz-category-filter {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 10px;
    margin-bottom: 16px;
  }
  .quiz-cat-check-label {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 4px;
    font-size: 13px;
    color: var(--text);
    cursor: pointer;
  }
  .quiz-cat-check-label input { cursor: pointer; }

  /* ── NUMBERS ── */
  .numbers-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(180px, 1fr));
    gap: 10px;
  }

  .number-card {
    background: var(--card-bg);
    border: 1.5px solid var(--border);
    border-radius: 12px;
    padding: 18px 20px;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 16px;
    transition: all var(--transition);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
  }

  .number-card:hover {
    border-color: var(--saffron);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow);
    transform: translateY(-2px);
  }
  .number-digit { font-size: 28px; font-weight: 700; color: var(--saffron); min-width: 40px; }
  .number-pa { font-family: 'Noto Sans Gurmukhi', sans-serif; font-size: 22px; font-weight: 600; color: var(--navy); }
  .number-roman { font-size: 13px; color: var(--text-muted); }

  /* ── RESPONSIVE ── */
  /* ── HAMBURGER ── */
  .hamburger {
    display: none;
    background: none;
    border: none;
    cursor: pointer;
    padding: 8px;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 5px;
  }
  .hamburger-bar {
    display: block;
    width: 24px;
    height: 2px;
    background: white;
    border-radius: 2px;
    transition: transform 0.3s, opacity 0.3s;
  }
  .hamburger.open .hamburger-bar:nth-child(1) { transform: translateY(7px) rotate(45deg); }
  .hamburger.open .hamburger-bar:nth-child(2) { opacity: 0; }
  .hamburger.open .hamburger-bar:nth-child(3) { transform: translateY(-7px) rotate(-45deg); }

  @media (max-width: 768px) {
    .hamburger { display: flex; }
    #nav-menu {
      display: none;
      position: absolute;
      top: 64px;
      left: 0;
      right: 0;
      background: rgba(26, 43, 74, 0.97);
      backdrop-filter: blur(20px);
      -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(20px);
      flex-direction: column;
      padding: 8px 16px 16px;
      box-shadow: 0 12px 32px rgba(0,0,0,0.25);
      z-index: 99;
      border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.06);
    }
    #nav-menu.nav-open { display: flex; }
    #nav-menu a { padding: 12px 16px; font-size: 15px; border-radius: 8px; }
    .hero { padding: 40px 28px; }
    .hero h1 { font-size: 28px; }
    .wotd { flex-direction: column; }
    .phrase-card { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 8px; }
    .phrase-pa, .phrase-roman { text-align: left; }
    .culture-grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(260px, 1fr)); }
    .vocab-grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(180px, 1fr)); }
    main { padding: 24px 16px 60px; }
  }

  @media (max-width: 480px) {
    .hero::before { display: none; }
    .wotd { flex-direction: column; }
    .phrase-list { gap: 12px; }
    .culture-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
    .quick-grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); }
    .family-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
    .numbers-grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(140px, 1fr)); }
  }

  @media (max-width: 360px) {
    .quick-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
    .alpha-grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(100px, 1fr)); }
    .vocab-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  }

  /* ── TOOLTIP / MODAL ── */
  .modal-overlay {
    display: none;
    position: fixed;
    inset: 0;
    background: rgba(0,0,0,0.45);
    backdrop-filter: blur(4px);
    -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(4px);
    z-index: 200;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
  }

  .modal-overlay.open { display: flex; }

  .modal {
    background: white;
    border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
    padding: 40px;
    max-width: 440px;
    width: 90%;
    text-align: center;
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-xl);
    animation: modal-in 0.25s ease-out;
  }

  @keyframes modal-in {
    from { opacity: 0; transform: scale(0.95) translateY(10px); }
    to { opacity: 1; transform: scale(1) translateY(0); }
  }

  .modal-word { font-family: 'Noto Sans Gurmukhi', sans-serif; font-size: 52px; font-weight: 700; color: var(--navy); }
  .modal-roman { font-size: 20px; color: var(--saffron); font-style: italic; margin: 8px 0; }
  .modal-english { font-size: 22px; font-weight: 600; color: var(--text); margin-bottom: 18px; }
  .modal-example {
    font-size: 14px;
    color: var(--text-muted);
    line-height: 1.75;
    margin-bottom: 24px;
    background: var(--saffron-pale);
    padding: 16px;
    border-radius: 12px;
  }
  .modal-close {
    background: var(--navy);
    color: white;
    border: none;
    padding: 11px 30px;
    border-radius: 10px;
    cursor: pointer;
    font-size: 14px;
    font-weight: 600;
    transition: all var(--transition);
  }
  .modal-close:hover { background: var(--navy-light); transform: translateY(-1px); }

  /* ── FOOTER ── */
  footer {
    text-align: center;
    padding: 48px 24px;
    color: var(--text-muted);
    font-size: 13px;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--border);
    margin-top: 48px;
    background: var(--warm-white);
  }

  footer .footer-pa {
    font-family: 'Noto Sans Gurmukhi', sans-serif;
    font-size: 22px;
    color: var(--saffron);
    margin-bottom: 8px;
  }

  footer p { line-height: 1.6; }